We are facing a media reality of an ongoing housing crisis in Israel. More than a decade has passed since the social justice protests of 2011, when the then Prime Minister, Natanyahu, launched the "Supertanker" real-estate program under which the National Housing Committees (NHCs) were established, bypassing the planning system to speed up planning processes and solve the housing crisis. The NHCs failed as did the National Committee for Priority Housing Complexes, also bypassing the planning system to solve the housing crisis. Amazingly, we are still in a housing crisis. Now I want to offer a different thesis: the problem and solution are not in planning, but implementation. Because bypassing planning is a relatively simple way of planning the housing inventory, the various governments chose to invest their efforts on this solution while avoiding the real problem: the shortage of infrastructure and transportation solutions that hold up the progress of plans. Today we are planning more and implementing less. Another mistake is the creation of a huge inventory of unneeded and undeveloped employment areas across the country. Here too, the extra planning is not motivated by planning considerations, but by the structural problem of distributing property tax revenues across the country. This creates planning cannibalism: each local authority against the other chasing after employment areas in a race to the bottom.

After decades of discrimination in budgets and land resources, the historical core of Arab localities and the older neighborhoods now faces many physical challenges. These include poorly functioning infrastructures, a lack of public parks, a severe shortage of public facilities, chronic housing shortages, poor public transportation, lack of connections to newer neighborhoods, and others. In recent years, urban renewal in Israel has become synonymous with the Clearance and Rebuilding program and the National Outline Plan 38. These, however, have not produced effective solutions. In this article, we challenge the boundaries of the discourse to describe alternative tools enabling renewal of the old fabric of these towns. To develop tools appropriate to local residents’ needs and social characteristics, we first identified the key physical challenges faced by older Arab neighborhoods and analyzed the planning and development barriers to their potential renewal. We next defined goals that address the relevant challenges and barriers, and developed four alternative tools for their renewal. We believe that these tools, with encouragement of more in-depth thinking at government ministries to develop and promote mechanisms supporting successful urban renewal in Arab towns, will produce significant progress in reducing the spatial inequality currently facing Arab towns and will pave the way toward improved quality of life for their residents.

Jamsin al-Gharbi was a concentration of Bedouins near the urban area of Jaffa, which during the British Mandate developed into an agricultural village. At the outbreak of the 1948 War, the Arab residents abandoned their homes and, a short while later housed by Jewish refugees from south Tel Aviv. Caring for the needs of the refugees was the responsibility of the Municipality of Tel Aviv who sought to obtain Jamsin's agricultural lands for urban development and did everything in its power to prevent the refugees from establishing themselves in the Jamasin area. The refugees insisted on staying in Jamsin, expanded and renovated the depleted former Arab buildings in which they lived, and demanded recognition of their right to organize as a legitimate urban neighborhood. The parties and later the Israeli government authorities failed to reach an agreement on the fate of the neighborhood, and Jamsin remained for decades a refugee neighborhood in the heart of upper- and middle-class residential area of the north of Tel Aviv.

How does the social construction of urban groups affect the design of national land policy? The present study relies on the findings of a previous study by the authors, which for the first time examined and compared changes over time in the property rights of residents of two adjacent neighborhoods in north Tel Aviv: Giv’at Amal B and Shikun Tzameret. The current study, examines the considerations underlying the allocation of property rights in each case, based on Schneider and Ingram's seminal model of the social construction of target populations. This study combines its findings with those of the previous one. The research findings indicate a clear relation between the social construction of a target group and its property rights. The Shikun Tzameret residents were positively constructed as having a vital role in the development of the state and society, which translated into a benevolent land policy. Giv’at Amal residents, on the other hand, were negatively constructed in the first place, and as a result, their land rights were never regulated. This policy is not a thing of the past, but exists to this day.

We examine the toponymy of the Givat Amal neighborhood against the background of the Israeli street naming system and its ideological context, and the use of specific addressing system, also in Tel Aviv; and the Tel Aviv-Jaffa Municipality's recent initiative of branding the city as a "World City". Due to the authorities' longstanding policy of intentional ambiguity regarding urban planning and land rights issues in Givat Amal, there is a multiplicity of extraformal and semi-formal addresses and place naming systems in Givat Amal. This toponymic multiplicity, of a bottom-up and topdown nature at the same time, reflects the residents' interaction with city and state authorities, their mundane navigational needs, and their emotive values of place attachment in face of constant threats of displacement. This situation challenges the "World City" ethos of efficiency and cosmopolitanism, calls for good governance, and points to common situational threads with place naming cultures in the southern hemisphere. Keywords: Givat Amal, Toponymy, World City, street naming system, residential addressing, Tel Aviv, extra-formality

Israeli law has not been fair in its treatment of the lingering injustices enacted against Mizrahim, and the case of Givat-Amal eviction is no different. This short note casts light on the possibilities of correcting the injustice perpetrated against the Givat-Amal community, even against a backdrop of such legal mistreatment. Utilizing a critical post-liberal perspective on the law's fundamental premises, this note suggests reconstructing the conceptual components of the right to property. Re-reading this quintessential liberal right allows the law to recognize and evaluate – both symbolically and materially – the right of the Mizrahi residents of Givat-Amal to be compensated for their expulsion from their houses and the vibrant neighborhood they founded.

Givat Amal provides relevant knowledge for the upcoming future of urbanism in Israel, a future that is already present. Over the decades, its residents have experienced deprival of basic rights, and a life in which eviction from homes and the neighborhood is always thinkable and even realized. I argue, provocatively, that displacing the residents of Givat Amal marks the future of urban citizenship in Israel – a citizenship whose main expression is living under constant threat of being displaced, but with varying intensities from time to time and from community to community. At the same time, it also marks the future of residents' and communities' struggle against displacement and for the right to the city. Three fields frame this argument: the knowledge of legal geography; a theoretical framework of neo-settler-colonialism; and a methodological framework of nomospheric investigation. These frames clarify why Givat Amal marks the future of the urban regime, a future whose foundations are displacement and displaceability, in the continuous threat of being displaced.

Geodesign, a cutting-edge planning approach rooted in the history of planning practice, has become one of the most popular approaches for sustainable planning and design activities after the 2000s. Enabled by rapid advances in digital technology geodesign is an iterative design method that uses stakeholder input, geospatial modelling, impact simulations, and real-time feedback to facilitate holistic decisions and smart decisions. This paper presents the potential of geodesign to bridge the gap between planning and its implementation, focuses on the Neve Sha'anan neighbourhood in Tel Aviv. Besides design at a site scale, geodesign covers various scales, bridging the gap between the regional and the local contexts. This is important because Smart Growth plans need to make sense across a spectrum of scales and disciplines, ranging from design, urban design, community planning, city and regional planning up to planning for mega-regions, to be practically effective and politically prudent, From a digitalization context, as projects get more complex with more stakeholders, communication and coordination become critical. We conducted several rapid negotiation cycles to refeed the planning scenarios, supporting these methods by advanced information technologies to produce real-time performance analysis and simulations of interactive assessment, impact and decisionmaking scenarios. Using this approach re-illuminates theoretical issues between collaboration, implementation, collaborative planning and negotiation in planning and decision making.